Despite significant senior citizen population growth, the median age in Monroe has changed from 52.5 in 1990, increasing to 58.9 in 2000, before decreasing to 53.2 in 2010, as more growth recently has resulted from single-family detached homes than from senior citizen developments. There are several age-restricted communities in Monroe Township.
Portions of the township were taken to form East Brunswick (February 28, 1860), Cranbury (March 7, 1872), and Jamesburg (March 19, 1887). Monroe Township was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 9, 1838, from portions of South Amboy Township, based on the results of a referendum held that same day.
Monroe Township also comprises the largest land area of any municipality in Middlesex County, at approximately 42 square miles (110 km 2). As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 48,594, its highest decennial count ever and an increase of 9,462 (+24.2%) from the 39,132 recorded at the 2010 census, which in turn had reflected an increase of 11,133 (+39.8%) from the 27,999 from the 27,999 counted at the 2000 census.
The township is centrally located within the Raritan Valley region and is an outer-ring suburb of New York City within the New York metropolitan area. Monroe Township is a township located in southern Middlesex County, in the U.S.
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